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Alternative Operating Systems For Pc

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This article presents a timeline of events in the history of computer operating systems from 1951 to the current day. For a narrative explaining the overall developments, see the History of operating systems.


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Maps, Directions, and Place Reviews



1950s

  • 1951
    • LEO I 'Lyons Electronic Office' was the commercial development of EDSAC computing platform, supported by British firm J. Lyons and Co.
  • 1953
    • DYSEAC - an early machine capable of distributing computing
  • 1954
    • MIT's Tape Director operating system made for UNIVAC 1103
  • 1955
    • General Motors Operating System made for IBM 701
  • 1956
    • GM-NAA I/O for IBM 704, based on General Motors Operating System
  • 1957
    • Atlas Supervisor (Manchester University) (Atlas computer project start)
    • BESYS (Bell Labs), for IBM 7090 and IBM 7094
  • 1958
    • University of Michigan Executive System (UMES), for IBM 704, 709, and 7090
  • 1959
    • SHARE Operating System (SOS), based on GM-NAA I/O

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1960s

  • 1960
    • IBSYS (IBM for its 7090 and 7094)
  • 1961
    • CTSS (MIT's Compatible Time-Sharing System for the IBM 7094)
    • MCP (Burroughs Master Control Program)
  • 1962
    • Atlas Supervisor (Manchester University) (Atlas computer commissioned)
    • GCOS (GE's General Comprehensive Operating System, originally GECOS, General Electric Comprehensive Operating Supervisor)
  • 1963
    • AN/FSQ-32, another early time-sharing system begun
    • Titan Supervisor, early time-sharing system begun
  • 1964
    • KDF9 Timesharing Director (English Electric) - an early, fully hardware secured, fully pre-emptive process switching, multi-programming operating system for KDF9 (originally announced in 1960)
    • Berkeley Timesharing System (for Scientific Data Systems' SDS 940)
    • Dartmouth Time Sharing System (Dartmouth College's DTSS for GE computers)
    • OS/360 (IBM's primary OS for its S/360 series) (announced)
    • SCOPE (CDC 3000 series)
    • TOPS-10 (DEC, the name TOPS-10 wasn't adopted until 1970)
    • EXEC 8 (UNIVAC)
  • 1965
    • THE multiprogramming system (Technische Hogeschool Eindhoven)
    • Multics (MIT, GE, Bell Labs for the GE-645) (announced)
    • BOS/360 (IBM's Basic Operating System)
    • TOS/360 (IBM's Tape Operating System)
    • TSOS (later VMOS) (RCA)
    • Pick operating system
  • 1966
    • OS/360 (IBM's primary OS for its S/360 series) PCP and MFT (shipped)
    • DOS/360 (IBM's Disk Operating System)
    • MS/8 (Richard F. Lary's DEC PDP-8 system)
    • GEORGE 1 & 2 For ICT 1900 series
  • 1967
    • CP-40, predecessor to CP-67 on modified IBM System/360 Model 40
    • CP-67 (IBM, also known as CP/CMS)
    • Michigan Terminal System (MTS) (time-sharing system for the IBM S/360-67 and successors)
    • ITS (MIT's Incompatible Timesharing System for the DEC PDP-6 and PDP-10)
    • ORVYL (Stanford University's time-sharing system for the IBM S/360)
    • TSS/360 (IBM's Time-sharing System for the S/360-67, never officially released, canceled in 1969 and again in 1971)
    • OS/360 MVT
    • WAITS (SAIL, Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, time-sharing system for DEC PDP-6 and PDP-10, later TOPS-10)
  • 1968
    • Airline Control Program (ACP) (IBM)
    • THE multiprogramming system (Eindhoven University of Technology)
    • TSS-8 (DEC for the PDP-8)
  • 1969
    • TENEX (Bolt, Beranek and Newman for DEC systems, later TOPS-20)
    • Unics (later Unix) (AT&T, initially on DEC computers)
    • RC 4000 Multiprogramming System (RC)
    • Multics (MIT, GE, Bell Labs for the GE-645 and later the Honeywell 6180) (opened for paying customers in October)
    • GEORGE 3 For ICL 1900 series

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1970s

  • 1970
    • DOS-11 (PDP-11)
  • 1971
    • RSTS-11 2A-19 (First released version; PDP-11)
    • OS/8
  • 1972
    • Data General RDOS
    • Operating System/Virtual Storage 1 (OS/VS1)
    • Operating System/Virtual Storage 2 R1 (OS/VS2 SVS)
    • Virtual Machine Facility/370 (VM/370), sometimes known as VM/CMS
    • Virtual Machine/Basic Extended Product (BSEPP)
    • Virtual Machine/Extended Product (SEPP)
    • MUSIC/SP
    • PRIMOS (written in FORTRAN IV, that didn't have pointers, while later versions, around version 18, written in a version of PL/1, called PL/P)
  • 1973
    • ???????-1 (Elbrus-1) - Soviet computer - created using high-level language u???-76 (AL-76/ALGOL 68)
    • VME - implementation language S3 (ALGOL 68)
    • RSX-11D
    • RT-11
    • Alto OS
  • 1974
    • DOS-11 V09-20C (Last stable release, June 1974)
    • Sintran III
    • MONECS
    • Multi-Programming Executive (MPE) - Hewlett-Packard
    • Hydra - capability-based, multiprocessing OS kernel
    • Operating System/Virtual Storage 2 R2 (MVS)
  • 1975
    • CP/M
    • BS2000 V2.0 (First released version)
    • Version 6 Unix
  • 1976
    • Cambridge CAP computer - all operating system procedures written in ALGOL 68C, with some closely associated protected procedures in BCPL
    • Cray Operating System
    • FLEX
    • TOPS-20
    • Tandem Nonstop OS v1
  • 1977
    • 1BSD
    • KERNAL
    • OASIS operating system
    • TRSDOS
    • Virtual Memory System (VMS) V1.0 (Initial commercial release, October 25)
  • 1978
    • 2BSD
    • Apple DOS
    • HDOS
    • TRIPOS
    • UCSD p-System (First released version)
    • Lisp machine (CADR)
    • KVM/370 - security retro-fit of IBM VM/370
    • KSOS - secure OS design from Ford Aerospace
    • MVS/System Extensions (MVS/SE)
  • 1979
    • Atari DOS
    • POS
    • NLTSS
    • UNIX/32V
    • Version 7 Unix
    • UCLA Secure UNIX - an early secure UNIX OS based on security kernel
    • MVS/System Extensions R2 (MVS/SE2)

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1980s

  • 1980
    • 86-DOS
    • CTOS
    • NewDos/80
    • OS-9
    • SOS
    • MVS/System Product (MVS/SP) V1
    • Virtual Machine/System Product (VM/SP)
    • Xenix
  • 1981
    • Acorn MOS
    • Xinu first release
    • Business Operating System
    • Aegis SR1 (First Apollo/DOMAIN systems shipped on March 27)
    • PC DOS
    • Pilot (Xerox Star operating system)
    • MS-DOS
    • UTS
    • iMAX - OS for Intel's iAPX 432 capability machine
  • 1982
    • Commodore DOS
    • LDOS (By Logical Systems, Inc. - for the Radio Shack TRS-80 Models I, II & III)
    • QNX
    • Sun UNIX (later SunOS) 0.7
    • Ultrix
    • Stratus VOS
    • Unix System III
  • 1983
    • Lisa Office System 7/7
    • Coherent
    • GNU (project start)
    • Novell NetWare (S-Net)
    • ProDOS
    • SunOS 1.0
    • STOP - TCSEC A1-class, secure OS for SCOMP hardware
    • LOCUS - UNIX compatible, high reliability, distributed OS
    • DNIX
    • MVS/Extended Architecture (MVS/XA)
  • 1984
    • Mac OS (System 1.0)
    • MSX-DOS
    • PC/IX
    • Sinclair QDOS
    • QNX
    • UNICOS
    • Venix 2.0
    • Virtual Machine/Extended Architecture Migration Assistance (VM/XA MA)
  • 1985
    • Windows 1.0
    • AmigaOS
    • Atari TOS
    • DG/UX
    • MIPS RISC/os
    • Oberon - written in Oberon
    • SunOS 2.0
    • Version 8 Unix
    • Windows 1.01
    • Xenix 2.0
    • Virtual Machine/Extended Architecture System Facility (VM/XA SF)
  • 1986
    • AIX 1.0
    • GS-OS
    • Genera 7.0
    • HP-UX
    • SunOS 3.0
    • GEOS
    • Version 9 Unix
    • GEMSOS - TCSEC A1-class, secure kernel for BLACKER VPN & GTNP
    • Cronus distributed OS
  • 1987
    • Topaz - semi-distributed OS for DEC Firefly workstation written in Modula-2+ and garbage collected
    • Arthur
    • IRIX (3.0 is first SGI version)
    • MINIX 1.0
    • BS2000 V9.0
    • OS/2 (1.0)
    • PC-MOS/386
    • Windows 2.0
  • 1988
    • A/UX (Apple Computer)
    • RISC iX
    • KeyKOS - capability-based microkernel for IBM mainframes with automated persistence of app data
    • LynxOS
    • CP/M rebranded as DR-DOS
    • Mac OS (System 6)
    • MVS/Enterprise Systems Architecture (MVS/ESA)
    • OS/2 (1.1)
    • OS/400
    • SpartaDOS X
    • SunOS 4.0
    • TOPS-10 7.04 (Last stable release, July 1988)
    • HeliOS 1.0
    • VAX VMM - TCSEC A1-class, VMM for VAX computers (limited use before cancellation)
    • Flex machine - tagged, capability machine with OS and other software written in ALGOL 68RS
    • Virtual Machine/Extended Architecture System Product (VM/XA SP)
  • 1989
    • EPOC
    • NeXTSTEP (1.0)
    • OS/2 (1.2)
    • RISC OS (First release was to be called Arthur 2, but was renamed to RISC OS 2, and was first sold as RISC OS 2.00 in April 1989)
    • SCO UNIX (Release 3)
    • TSX-32
    • Version 10 Unix
    • Xenix 2.3.4 (Last stable release)
    • ASOS - TCSEC A1-class secure, real-time OS for Ada applications

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1990s

  • 1990
    • AmigaOS 2.0
    • BeOS (v1)
    • Genera 8.0
    • OS/2 1.3
    • OSF/1
    • AIX 3.0
    • Windows 3.0
    • LOCK - TCSEC A1-class secure system with kernel & hardware support for Type enforcement
    • Virtual Machine/Enterprise Systems Architecture (VM/XA ESA)
    • PC/GEOS
  • 1991
    • Linux 0.01-0.1
    • Mac OS (System 7)
    • MINIX 1.5
    • PenPoint OS
    • RISC OS 3
    • Trusted Xenix - rewritten & security enhanced Xenix evaluated at TCSEC B2-class
    • Amoeba - microkernel-based, POSIX-compliant, distributed OS
  • 1992
    • 386BSD 0.1
    • AmigaOS 3.0
    • Amiga Unix 2.01 (Latest stable release)
    • RSTS/E 10.1 (Last stable release, September 1992)
    • SLS
    • Solaris 2.0 (Successor to SunOS 4.x; based on SVR4 instead of BSD)
    • OpenVMS V1.0 (First OpenVMS AXP (Alpha) specific version, November 1992)
    • OS/2 2.0 (First i386 32-bit based version)
    • Plan 9 First Edition (First public release was made available to universities)
    • Windows 3.1
    • LGX
  • 1993
    • FreeBSD
    • NetBSD
    • Newton OS
    • Windows NT 3.1 (First Windows NT kernel public release)
    • Open Genera 1.0
    • IBM 4690 Operating System
    • Novell NetWare 4
    • OS/2 2.1
    • Slackware 1.0
    • Spring
  • 1994
    • AIX 4.0, 4.1
    • OS/2 3.0
    • RISC OS 3.5
    • NetBSD 1.0 (First multi-platform release, October 1994)
    • SPIN - extensible OS written in Modula-3
    • Red Hat
  • 1995
    • Digital UNIX (aka Tru64 UNIX)
    • OpenBSD
    • OS/390
    • Plan 9 Second Edition (Commercial second release version was made available to the general public.)
    • Ultrix 4.5 (Last major release)
    • Windows 95
  • 1996
    • Mac OS 7.6 (First officially-named Mac OS)
    • Windows NT 4.0
    • Windows CE 1.0
    • RISC OS 3.6
    • AIX 4.2
    • OS/2 4.0
    • Palm OS
    • Debian 1.1
    • JN - microkernel OS for embedded, Java apps
  • 1997
    • Inferno
    • Mac OS 8
    • Windows CE 2.0
    • SkyOS
    • MINIX 2.0
    • RISC OS 3.7
    • AIX 4.3
    • DR-WebSpyder 1.0
    • Nemesis
  • 1998
    • Solaris 7 (first 64-bit Solaris release - names from this point drop "2.", otherwise would've been Solaris 2.7)
    • Windows 98
    • RT-11 5.7 (Last stable release, October 1998)
    • Novell NetWare 5
    • Junos
    • DR-WebSpyder 2.0
  • 1999
    • AROS (Boot for the first time in Stand Alone version)
    • RISC OS 4
    • Mac OS 9
    • OS/2 4.5
    • Windows 98 (2nd edition)
    • Inferno Second Edition (Last distribution (Release 2.3, c. July 1999) from Lucent's Inferno Business Unit)

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2000s


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2010s

Source of the article : Wikipedia



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